Search results for "Diabetic Angiopathies"

Diabetic microangiopathy: Pathogenetic insights and novel therapeutic approaches.

2017

Diabetic microangiopathy, including retinopathy, is characterized by abnormal growth and leakage of small blood vessels, resulting in local edema and functional impairment of the depending tissues. Mechanisms leading to the impairment of microcirculation in diabetes are multiple and still largely unclear. However, a dysregulated vascular regeneration appears to play a key role. In addition, oxidative and hyperosmolar stress, as well as the activation of inflammatory pathways triggered by advanced glycation end-products and toll-like receptors, have been recognized as key underlying events. Here, we review recent knowledge on cellular and molecular pathways of microvascular disease in diabet…

Complications of Diabetes 2017

2018

The prevalence of abnormal glucose regulation in patients with coronary artery disease across Europe. The Euro Heart Survey on diabetes and the heart.

2004

Aim The objective behind the Euro Heart Survey on diabetes and the heart was to study the prevalence of abnormal glucose regulation in adult patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods and results The survey engaged 110 centres in 25 countries recruiting 4196 patients referred to a cardiologist due to CAD out of whom 2107 were admitted on an acute basis and 2854 had an elective consultation. Patient data were collected via a web-based case record form. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was used for the characterisation of the glucose metabolism. Thirty-one per cent of the patients had diabetes. An OGTT was performed on the 1920 patients without known diabetes, of whom 923 had a…

Diabetic Microagiopathy of Oral Mucosa Depends on Disease Duration and Therapy

2017

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic degenerative systemic disease whose prevalence is increasing. This paper aims to evaluate the effects of diabetic microangiopathy, depending on its duration and the type of treatment administered, by using polarized light videocapillaroscopy of the oral mucosa. Material/Methods: We enrolled 120 subjects: 60 healthy subjects and 60 patients with diabetes mellitus. In turn, patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to the type of diabetes, the duration of the disease, and the type of treatment administered. A videocapillaroscopic examination of the oral mucosa was carried out on the diabetic and healthy subjects. Results: Changes in microcircu…

Prevalence and associations of diabetic retinopathy in a large cohort of prediabetic subjects: The Gutenberg Health Study

2014

Abstract Aims To evaluate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy/maculopathy (DR/DMac) and its associations with cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) in participants with prediabetes (PwPD) in a large European cohort within the population-based Gutenberg Health Study (GHS). Methods The study was based on a sub-cohort of the GHS (n=5,000, age: 35–74 y). Prediabetes was diagnosed according to HbA 1c levels (5.7–6.4%). DR/DMac was graded from fundus photographs. Blood samples and comprehensive questionnaires served for evaluation of laboratory results and CRF. Results The prevalence of prediabetes was 22.4%, and of DR/DMac 8.1%/0.2%, respectively. The majority of participants had mild DR (7.2%). …

The impact of coexistent diabetes on the prevalence of coronary heart disease.

1997

Abstract The increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease in diabetic population has been well documented, but the prevalent mechanism of this susceptibility is still only partly explained. We compared the impact of diabetes on ischemic heart disease in patients hospitalized in a public general hospital over a 10-year period. The prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) was consistently higher among diabetic population [namely, among non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients] when compared with the nondiabetic population. The prevalence was similar in both genders, increasing with age, and was independent from body-mass index, history of smoking, metabolic control, o…

Evidence of the role of short-term exposure to ozone on ischaemic cerebral and cardiac events: the Dijon Vascular Project (DIVA)

2010

Objectives To confirm the effects of short-term exposure to ozone (O 3 ) on ischaemic heart and cerebrovascular disease. Methods Daily levels of urban O 3 pollution, the incidence of first-ever, recurrent, fatal and non-fatal ischaemic cerebrovascular events (ICVE) and myocardial infarction (MI) were correlated using a case-crossover design. The authors analysed 1574 ICVE and 913 MI that occurred in Dijon, France (150 000 inhabitants) from 2001 to 2007. Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter with an aerodiameter of ≤10 μg/m 3 (PM 10 ) were used to create bi-pollutant models. Using the adjusted OR, the effects of O 3 exposure were calcul…

Picotamide, a combined inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthase and receptor, reduces 2-year mortality in diabetics with peripheral arterial disease: the…

2004

Aims Patients with diabetes are at excessive risk of mortality and cardiovascular morbidity. Previous studies suggest that aspirin may be less effective in diabetic patients. In this multi-centre, randomized, double blind trial picotamide, a dual inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthase and receptor, was compared with aspirin for the prevention of mortality and major cardiovascular events in diabetics with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Methods and results A total of 1209 adults aged 40–75 years with type 2 diabetes and PAD were randomized to receive picotamide (600 mg bid) or aspirin (320 mg od) for 24 months. The cumulative incidence of the 2 years overall mortality was significantly lowe…

Thrombin-antithrombin III complexes in type II diabetes mellitus.

1992

Several studies suggest that diabetes is associated with a hypercoagulable state. Therefore determination of thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) could represent a sensitive parameter for specific detection of a latent activation of the clotting system. The present study documents increased plasma TAT in a heterogeneous group of non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The finding of increased TAT levels both in diabetic patients with vascular complications and in vascular disease patients without diabetes suggests a relationship between existing vascular disease and the hemostatic mechanism that produces augmented thrombin activity. In acute vascular occlusions the presence of diabetes seem…

Role of NO-synthases and cyclooxygenases in the hyperreactivity of male rabbit carotid artery to testosterone under experimental diabetes.

2009

Abstract Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, which in turn is also associated with low levels of serum testosterone. The working hypothesis was that diabetes might modify the mechanisms involved in the vascular actions of testosterone in isolated rabbit carotid arteries. Testosterone (10 −8 –3 × 10 −4  M) induced a concentration-dependent relaxation of precontracted carotid arteries, which was higher in diabetic than in control rabbits. In control rabbits neither endothelium removal nor the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N G -nitro- l -arginine ( l -NOArg, 10 −5  M) modified the relaxant action of testosterone, and the cyclooxyge…